1. Environmental Criteria
The following data provides the designer with general values for assessing heating and cooling loads applicable to air conditioning and heating plant.
Heating load calculations are carried out to estimate the heat loss from the building in winter so as to arrive at required heating capacities. Normally during winter months the peak heating load occurs before sunrise and the outdoor conditions do not vary significantly throughout the winter season. In addition, internal heat sources such as occupants or appliances are beneficial as they compensate some of the heat losses.
For estimating cooling loads, one has to consider the unsteady state processes, as the peak cooling load occurs during the day time and the outside conditions also vary significantly throughout the day due to solar radiation. In addition, all internal sources (such as occupants or appliances, equipment – fridges, photocopies machines, computers, lamps etc.) add on to the cooling loads and neglecting them would lead to underestimation of the required cooling capacity and the possibility of not being able to maintain the required indoor conditions.
The table below provide only the estimated data (heating cooling loads) in accordance with the latest industry regulations and standards.
In order to know the exact data, make calculations for your building, please contact us.
2. Summary Heating Cooling Loads
| Building or Load Type | Load in W/m2 of Floor Area |
| Offices | |
| Heat loss | 45 – 100 |
| Boiler power | 50 – 160 |
| Cooling capacity | 80 – 140 |
| Chiller capacity | 80 – 140 |
| Hotels | |
| Heat loss | 50 – 90 |
| Boiler power | 150 – 300 |
| Cooling load | 150 – 300 |
| Chiller capacity | 120 – 320 |
| Shops | |
| Heat loss | 60 – 160 |
| Boiler power | 150 – 300 |
| Cooling load | 150 – 300 |
| Chiller capacity | 120 – 320 |
| Restaurants | |
| Heat loss | 100 – 160 |
| Boiler power | 200 – 250 |
| Cooling load | 200 – 300 |
| Chiller capacity | 200 – 300 |
| Flats | |
| Heat loss | 40 – 80 |
| Boiler power | 80 – 170 |
| Hostels | |
| Heat loss | 50 – 90 |
| Boiler power | 120 – 200 |
| University Buildings | |
| Heat loss | 60 – 120 |
| Boiler power | 170 – 370 |
| Cooling load | 150 – 250 |
| Chiller capacity | 380 – 590 |
| Schools | |
| Heat loss | 80 – 120 |
| Boiler power | 145 – 260 |
| Sports Centres (*with Pool) | |
| Heat loss | 50 – 120 |
| Boiler capacity | 300 – 600* |
| Factories | |
| Heat loss | 40 – 100 |
| Boiler power | 100 – 400 |
| Cooling load | 125 – 300 |
| Chiller capacity | 150 – 400 |
| Warehouses (those with ambient temperature control) | |
| Heat loss | 40 – 80 |
| Boiler power | 80 – 140 |
Calculating Heating Load
We correctly size a heating unit for building to determine building heating load, the amount of heat needed to keep building warm on the coldest night of the year.
Calculations include factors such as the size of rooms, the amount and type of furniture, equipment in each room, and building layout. To account for heat loss, calculations include details about windows, doors, and vents, as well as measurements of your home’s insulation.
Calculating Cooling Load
To determine the right size cooling unit for building, we also calculate cooling load — the amount of heat to remove from building to keep it cool during an afternoon of the hottest month of the year.
An accurate cooling load calculation accounts for heat sources in building such as people, pets, lighting, and appliances. This calculation also includes heat that enters building through your windows, roof, and outdoor vents.
